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The ‘Study Group’ on women’s ministries should be truly independent

Colm Holmes • 6 April 2024

Overall control of the Study Groups should be given to the Synodal Office

A Synodal ‘Study Group’ will examine women’s ordination, but who will appoint the members of that Group?

At first sight, Pope Francis announcement (14th March 2024) about the ten Study Groups would seem to make sense. Some issues “require in-depth study” which the large synodal gathering cannot deal with. and so will be handed over to these ten Study Groups for further in-depth examination. “They will offer an initial account of their activity on the occasion of the Second Session [in October 2024] and, if possible, will conclude their mandate by the month of June 2025”. As Sister Nathalie Becquart, undersecretary of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, rightly observed, some issues require expert examination.

The diaconate of women is covered by the Study Group on the ministries. Managing this Study Group has been entrusted to the Vatican Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith. And this is where the trouble starts. Allow me to be ‘Dutch’ and call a spade a spade. Going by past experience, entrusting the study of women’s ordination to that curial department has been like throwing the issue into a dustbin.


Determination to ignore the evidence

The Study Group is told to base its examination on previous work done by the dicastery. That sounds ominous. For it carries a record of burying academically established facts.

As long ago as in 2003, the dicastery’s Theological Commission refused to accept that the ancient women deacons were truly sacramentally ordained. Their report ignored modern scholarship, omitted vital evidence and was misleading in its restriction of published ordination rites and its conclusions. Read a full analysis of the 2003 Vatican Report here.

At the same time the Wijngaards Institute began to publish, on www.womendeacons.org, the many well-preserved first-millenium ordination rites of women deacons. These women were ordained using a rite identical to the one for the ordination of their male counterparts, which was recognisably sacramental. The manuscripts include Barbarini Gr 336, the Bessarion, Vatican GR 1872, Coislin Gr 213 and 4 manuscripts based on the sacramentary sent by Pope Hadrian to Charlemagne in 786 AD.

In 2015 the Wijngaards Institute sent, based on this research, a “Documented Appeal to Pope Francis to Request the Re-instatement of the Ordained Diaconate for Women”. It offered a summary of the evidence.

Organizations that endorsed our AppealAmerican Catholic Council (USA)Asociación Mexicana de Reflexión Teológica Feminista (Mexico) Asociación Mujeres y Teológia Zaragoza (Spain)Association of Catholic Priests (Ireland) Catholic Women’s Ordinatio (UK)CORPUS. National Association for an Inclusive Priesthood (USA)European Network Church on the Move (EN-RE) (Europe)Femmes et Hommes, Egalité, Droits et Libertés dans les Eglises et les Sociétés (France)International Movement We Are Church (IMWAC) (International)Le Parvis de Québec (Canada)Mariënburg: vereniging van kritisch katholieken (Netherlands)Noi Siamo Chiesa (We Are Church – Italy) (Italy)St Anthony Catholic Community Santa Barbara (USA)We Are All Church South Africa (South Africa) Wir sind Kirche Österreich (Austria)We Are Church UK (UK)Women and the Australian Church (WATAC) (Australia)Women Word Spirit (UK)Women’s Ordination Conference (USA)Women’s Ordination Worldwide (International)


We received a polite reply from the Pope’s office, and surely we understand our evidence was passed on to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. But in 2018, Archbishop Luis Ladaria, head of this curial department, still declared: “The impossibility of ordaining women belongs to the ‘substance’ of the sacrament of order, a fact the Church recognizes. She cannot change this substance. … It is not just a question of discipline, but of doctrine.”


Killing off dissenting voices

The department had another trick up its sleeve. If a commission came to unwanted conclusions, they just destroyed that commission.


The Pontifical Biblical Commission concluded in 1975 that the ordination of women could not be validly excluded on the basis of Scripture. Attempts were made to suppress that report. And the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith subjected the Biblical Commission from then on totally to the Theological Commission. Meanwhile commission member Cipriano Vagaggini published an article in Orientalia Christiana Periodica in 1974 concluding that the ordination of women deacons in the early church was sacramental. What the church had done in the past, he suggested, the church may do again. The article was ignored and suppressed.

In 1997 the International Theological Commission actually confirmed what Vagaggini had stated earlier: history supports the argument that women could be sacramentally ordained. Yet while news reports appeared about that document, it was never published by the Vatican. Rumors abound that it had even been assigned a Vatican document number when publication was stopped.

Pope Francis with Sr Nadia Coppa, present president of the Union of Superiors General

A so-called ‘Study Commission on the Women’s Diaconate’ was set up in 2016 in response to the explicit request in that regard from the International Union of Superiors General. In 2019 the commission was abolished because it had been “unable to find consensus and give a ‘definitive response’ on the role of women deacons in the first centuries of Christianity.” What its findings were we are not permitted to know: its report has not to this day been made public.


In 2020 Pope Francis ordered a new study commission on the diaconate of women to replace it in response to the explicit request in the final document of the October 2019 Synod on the Amazon. The work of the commission has remained secret so far, to the extent that nobody knows whether it has agreed on any findings and recommendations.

In June 2016, just after Pope Francis announced he would create the commission for the study of the history of women deacons in the Catholic Church (see above), he joked to journalists, “When you want something not to be resolved, make a commission.” Was it really a joke, or a disclosure from the Vatican book of tricks?


Need to reform the process

I am sure that the new head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Cardinal Victor Manuel Fernandez who has an excellent personal record as a scholar, recognizes the truth in what I have been saying. I trust he will give ear to what I am proposing next.

Setting up the Study Groups is somehow inevitable. But the following reforms regarding the way they function are urgent:

Overall control of the Study Groups should be given to the Synodal Office.

The theologians serving in the Study Groups should not be chosen by the curial departments, which have the reputation of only appointing ‘yes-men’, that is scholars who already agree with their official views. Episcopal Conferences should be asked to provide lists of truly independent scholars.

Pope Francis states, the decision to set up Study Groups was made so as to “enable the Assembly, in its Second Session, to focus more easily on the general theme that I assigned to it at the time, and which can now be summarized in the question: ‘How to be a synodal Church in mission?’.” If that is the case, does the Pope not realise that the Church’s mission will never be credible as long as it continues to ban women from its ministries since there is no real doctrinal justification?


John Wijngaards – 26 March 2024


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Dear Cardinal Mario Grech, We welcome and embrace ‘Synodality’ as a way of ‘being Church’ that is at once both ancient and new in our tradition. We support the three key themes of the Synodal Process: Communion, Participation and Mission . We understand that it is “how” we relate to one another in the Church, our capacity to ‘be together’ in harmony and unity (i.e. Communion), that will help us fulfil our various responsibilities and roles (i.e. Participation) and by doing so empower us as “Church” to bear witness to the love of God in the world and to the unity of all humankind in God (i.e Mission). We are a network of Catholics who treasure our faith tradition and love the Church because, as our name states; we are all the Church. We wish to contribute constructively to its renewal and reform and have good relations with all. It is because we care so deeply about the Church and its mission that we have felt compelled over the years to speak up and question the injustice of structures, practices and teachings that have blocked, rather than channelled, God’s grace in the world. Combined with a lack of accountability and a culture of secrecy, these unjust structures, practices and teachings have contributed (among other egregious wrongs) to the clerical abuse of children and vulnerable adults, and the institutionalised discrimination of half the world’s population, women. Since the Second Vatican Council, it is understood that all the baptised regardless of the different ministries and responsibilities they hold, share a foundational equality by virtue of their common baptism. Contrary to popular perception, the Church (in theory at least) is neither a democracy nor a dictatorship but an ordered community where power and authority are exercised as Christian service and not power over anyone, in accord with the Gospel message. Vatican II has been crucial in reshaping our understanding of “Church” and highlighting the co-responsibility of the laity, along with the hierarchy, in working for its renewal and reform. By highlighting the baptismal dignity and equality of every baptised person, the Council has helped us to more fully appreciate that the Holy Spirit works and speaks through each lay woman and man in the Church, as much as it does through each member of the male hierarchy. The significance of this insight is that the sensus fidelium (i.e the sense of faith in all the faithful) is now regarded to be as vital a part of the teaching authority of the church (i.e the magisterium) as that of the hierarchy. Pope Francis is the first Pope to promote the sensus fidelium in the Church and his global Synodal Process explicitly gives expression to it. It is regrettable however that this shift in the internal dynamics of the Church’s magisterium has not been communicated better or explained clearly to the majority of Catholics. Many remain unaware that the teaching authority of the Church is no longer the exclusive preserve of the hierarchy. They do not know that the bishops and the Pope are obliged to engage in meaningful consultation with all the People of God before making key decisions. Significantly, the change does not diminish the role of discernment assigned to the bishops by the Council, but it does oblige them to anchor their discernment in an authentic and faithful listening to the People of God. And this is where we have a problem. It is one thing to be told “We are all the Church together” and another to experience the reality of such declarations. The most glaring example of this incoherence is the way women are treated. While we acknowledge the inclusion of 54 Women amongst 70 non-bishops voting at the Synod, we must also express deep disappointment and concern at the lack of progress so far. Although the ordination of women priests was mentioned in many countries, it was not included on the agenda for the Global Synod in Rome and most reports on the female diaconate have never been published. This is simply not good enough. It is not in the spirit of synodality to ignore the concerns of women who make up half of the world’s population. We call on the bishops to renew their commitment to the Synodal Process; to authentically listen (i.e. listen from the heart) to their sisters in the Church, to relinquish all attachments to power and privilege and to stop clinging to an out-dated model of church. The Church can not be a credible or effective sign of God’s love and justice in the world as long as its own structures and processes lack transparency and discriminate against half the membership of the baptised faithful (i.e. women, half the population of the world). Instead of criticising society to change and act differently, it is time for the Church (i.e the whole church, the ordained and the laity) to become the change it proclaims about God’s peace and justice in the world and to lead by example in the way it organises itself at every level. We Are Church International calls for the following steps representing concrete signs of synodality to be endorsed by the Synod in October 2024: 1. Shared decision making with equal numbers of laity and clerics at all Synods, Assemblies and Councils. 2. Opening all Ministries to women and to married persons, regardless of their sexual orientation. 3. Appointment of bishops to be overseen by committees of lay and clerics. 4. Unity in Diversity allowing countries to deal with their respective important concerns such as the ones mentioned in 1. - 3. above in accordance with their culture and the legitimate concerns of the believers in these countries. 5. Draw up a Church Constitution setting out the rights and responsibilities of all the people of God and a new governance structure. WICR have prepared a very good draft: https://www.wijngaardsinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/wicr__background_and_sources_of_proposed_constitution__2022.pdf Colm Holmes, Chair We are Church International Email: colmholmes2020@gmail.com Phone: +353 86606 3636 Dr Martha Heizer, Vice-Chair We are Church International Email: martha@heizer.at Phone: +43 650 4168500 W www.we-are-church.org We Are Church International (WAC) founded in Rome in 1996, is a global coalition of national church reform groups. It is committed to the renewal of the Roman Catholic Church based on the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) and the theological spirit developed from it.
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